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Feature extraction of hyperspectral images for detecting immature green citrus fruit

Yongjun DING, Won Suk LEE, Minzan LI

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第4期页码 475-484 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018241

摘要：

At an early immature growth stage of citrus, a hyperspectral camera of 369–1042 nm was employed to acquire 30 hyperspectral images in order to detect immature green fruit within citrus trees under natural illumination conditions. First, successive projections algorithm (SPA) were implemented to select 677, 804, 563, 962, and 405 nm wavebands and to construct multispectral images from the original hyperspectral images for further processing. Then, histogram threshold segmentation using NDVI of 804 and 677 nm was implemented to remove image backgrounds. Three slope parameters, calculated from the pairs 405 and 563 nm, 563 and 677 nm, and 804 and 962 nm were used to construct a classifier to identify the potential citrus fruit. Then, a marker-controlled watershed segmentation based on wavelet transform was applied to obtain potential fruit areas. Finally, a green fruit detection model was constructed according to Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) texture features of the independent areas. Three supervised classifiers, logistic regression, random forest and support vector machine (SVM) were developed using texture features. The detection accuracies were 79%, 75%, and 86% for the logistic regression, random forest, and SVM models, respectively. The developed algorithm showed a great potential for identifying immature green citrus for an early yield estimation.

关键词： hyperspectral green citrus image processing fruit detection precision agriculture yield mapping

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Detection of Huanglongbing (citrus greening) based on hyperspectral image analysis and PCR

Kejian WANG, Dongmei GUO, Yao ZHANG, Lie DENG, Rangjin XIE, Qiang LV, Shilai YI, Yongqiang ZHENG, Yanyan MA, Shaolan HE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第2期页码 172-180 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019256

摘要：

Huanglongbing (HLB, citrus greening) is one of the most serious quarantine diseases of citrus worldwide. To monitor in real-time, recognize diseased trees, and efficiently prevent and control HLB disease in citrus, it is necessary to develop a rapid diagnostic method to detect HLB infected plants without symptoms. This study used Newhall navel orange plants as the research subject, and collected normal color leaf samples and chlorotic leaf samples from a healthy orchard and an HLB-infected orchard, respectively. First, hyperspectral data of the upper and lower leaf surfaces were obtained, and then the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the HLB bacterium in each leaf. The PCR test results showed that all samples from the healthy orchard were negative, and a portion of the samples from the infected orchard were positive. According to these results, the leaf samples from the orchards were divided into disease-free leaves and HLB-positive leaves, and the least squares support vector machine recognition model was established based on the leaf hyperspectral reflectance. The effect on the model of the spectra obtained from the upper and lower leaf surfaces was investigated and different pretreatment methods were compared and analyzed. It was observed that the HLB recognition rate values of the calibration and validation sets based on upper leaf surface spectra under 9-point smoothing pretreatment were 100% and 92.5%, respectively. The recognition rate values based on lower leaf surface spectra under the second-order derivative pretreatment were also 100% and 92.5%, respectively. Both upper and lower leaf surface spectra were available for recognition of HLB-infected leaves, and the HLB PCR-positive leaves could be distinguished from the healthy by the hyperspectral modeling analysis. The results of this study show that early and nondestructive detection of HLB-infected leaves without symptoms is possible, which provides a basis for the hyperspectral diagnosis of citrus with HLB.

关键词： citrus HLB hyperspectral identification PCR

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COMPARISON OF POMELO (CITRUS MAXIMA) GROWN IN CHINA AND THAILAND

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第2期

摘要：

Pomelo is a member of the genus Citrus that is a key contributor to the breeding of modern citrus cultivars. China is the largest producer of pomelo and one of the top five pomelo exporting countries. Pomelos from Thailand are also well-known for their excellent quality and flavor and are ranked in the top ten export countries. This review introduces pomelo planting locations and conditions in China and Thailand. The characteristics and qualities of some commercial pomelo cultivars in China and Thailand are summarized to introduce them to international consumers and to document their similarities and dissimilarities. Data on bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity are also included for most Chinese and Thai pomelos to highlight how they differ in this aspect because consumers are increasingly interested in healthier foods. In addition, the sensory perception in terms of aroma, flavor, texture and taste attributes and consumer perspective and preferences are discussed.

关键词： climate / commercial cultivars / fruit characteristics / lycopene / naringin / sensory evaluation

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DIVISION RESTITUTION CONTRIBUTES TO TETRAPLOID PRODUCTION IN INTERPLOIDY CROSSES WITH ‘ORAH’ MANDARIN (CITRUS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第2期

摘要：

Seedless fruits are desirable in the citrus fresh fruit market. Triploid production via diploid × tetraploid interploidy crosses is thought to be the most efficient and widely-used strategy for the breeding of seedless citrus. Although ‘Orah’ mandarin has desirable organoleptic qualities, seeds in the fruits weaken its market competitiveness. To produce new seedless cultivars that are similar to ‘Orah’ mandarin, we performed three 2x × 4x crosses using ‘Orah’ mandarin as the seed parent to regenerate triploid plantlets. A total of 182 triploid and 36 tetraploid plantlets were obtained. By analyzing their genetic origins using nine novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, all of the triploids and tetraploids derived from these three crosses were proven to be hybrids. Also, we demonstrated that 2n megagametophyte formation in ‘Orah’ mandarin result in tetraploid production in these three interploidy crosses. These tetraploid plantlets were genotyped using eight pericentromeric SNP markers and nine centromere distal SNP markers. Based on the genotypes of the 2n megagametophytes, the parental heterozygosity rates in 16 SNP loci and all 2n megagametophytes were less than 50%, indicating that second division restitution was the mechanism underlying 2n megagametophyte formation at both the population and individual levels. These triploid hybrids enrich the germplasm available for seedless breeding. Moreover, the tetraploid hybrids are valuable as parents for ploidy breeding for the production of seedless citrus fruits.

关键词： Citrus / 2n gamete / interploidy hybridization / pericentromeric SNP marker / second division restitution

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Repeats in the transcribed regions: comprehensive characterization and comparison of

Manosh Kumar BISWAS, Christoph MAYER, Xiuxin DENG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第4期页码 421-432 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017160

摘要： A large number of expressed sequences tags are available for spp., which provides an opportunity to understand genomic organization of the transcribed regions. Here, we report a detailed analysis of repetitive elements including tandem repeats (TRs) and transposable elements (TEs) in the transcribed region of the spp. On average, 22% of the expressed sequence tags (ESTs) contain TRs. The relative density of TR classes is highly taxon-specific. For instance, has a high relative density of mononucleotide repeats, whereas dinucleotide repeats are rare. The proportions of 2–6, 7–30 and 31–50 bp repeats were almost identical in all studied species except for and . We found that<1% of the citrus ESTs have a similarity with transposable elements. Transcriptional activity of transposable element families varied even within the same class of elements. A high proportion of transcriptional activity was observed for -like TEs compare to other TE classes. While TEs are relatively rare, TRs are abundant elements in ESTs of citrus. The high proportion of TRs that have a unit size longer than 6 bp raises the question about a possible functional or evolutionary role of these elements.

关键词： Citrus spp. tandem repeats transcribed region transposable elements

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Innovation Ecosystem for Green Smart City Building in China

Jin Chen

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第4期页码 325-330 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015058

摘要： Green Smart City (GSC), is one of the new types of cities which integrates eco-concepts and information technologies. As GSC construction is a resource intensive process, it requires a large amount of knowledge, information, talent and capital. Thus, setting up an innovation ecosystem is an astute way to promote the construction of a GSC. This paper, based on the case study by the Insigma Group, tries to explore the rules of innovation ecosystem building for the construction of GSCs in China.

关键词： green smart city resource innovation ecosystem building

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Potential advantages in combining smart and green infrastructure over silo approaches for future cities

Yamuna KALUARACHCHI

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第1期页码 98-108 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0136-y

摘要： Cities are incorporating smart and green infrastructure components in their urban design policies, adapting existing and new infrastructure systems to integrate technological advances to mitigate extreme weather due to climate change. Research has illustrated that smart green infrastructure (SGI) provides not only climate change resilience but also many health and wellbeing benefits that improve the quality of life of citizens. With the growing demand for smart technology, a series of problems and challenges, including governance, privacy, and security, must be addressed. This paper explores the potential to transition from grey, green, or smart silos to work with nature-based solutions and smart technology to help change cities to achieve considerable environmental and socio-economic benefits. The concepts of grey, green, and smart infrastructure are presented, and the needs, benefits, and applications are investigated. Moreover, the advantages of using integrated smart, green nature-based solutions are discussed. A comprehensive literature review is undertaken with keyword searches, including journal papers, stakeholder and case study reports, and local authority action plans. The methodology adopts multimethod qualitative information review, including literature, case studies, expert interviews, and documentary analysis. Published data and information are analysed to capture the key concepts in implementing SGI systems, such as storm-water control, flood and coastal defense, urban waste management, transportation, recreation, and asset management. The paper investigates the elimination of silo approaches and the alleviation of the destructions caused by extreme weather events using these interdependent SGI systems supported by novel data-driven platforms to provide nature-based solutions to boost the health and wellbeing of the residents.

关键词： grey infrastructure green infrastructure smart infrastructure smart and green combined infrastructure smart cities future cities

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China’s Agriculture Green Development: from Concept to Actions

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023512

摘要：

● A target-threshold indicator evaluation system is proposed to measure China’s agriculture transformation.

关键词： agricultural transformation Agriculture Green Development historical trend indicator system theoretical conception

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Toward Agriculture Green Development

Oene OENEMA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第1期页码 110-111 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019314

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From Green to Sustainability—Trends in the Assessment Methods of Green Buildings

Steve Hsueh-Ming Wang,Paula Williams,Jing Shi,Huojun Yang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第2期页码 114-121 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015018

摘要： This research investigates recent developments in assessment methods of green buildings and compares the differences in rating systems among the United Kingdom, USA, and Germany. There are indications that the rating systems are moving from green buildings to sustainable buildings. In order to understand the recent research in academic areas, we survey the recent Ph.D. dissertations and literature related to green building assessment. Discussion is provided on the major research areas of green buildings, which cover accountability of life cycle cost, methodology for balancing the three pillars, and government vision and public policy.

关键词： green sustainability buildings assessment methods rating systems

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APPLICATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ‘GREEN’ PREVENTIVE AND CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES IN GUIZHOU TEA PLANTATIONS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第1期 doi: 0.15302/J-FASE-2021424

摘要：

The application and development of ‘green’ preventive technologies in tea plantations is an important means of ensuring tea quality and ecological safety. Ecological, agronomic and biological controls are the main preventive measures used in Guizhou Province. This paper summarizes the ‘green’ preventive technologies being applied in Guizhou tea plantations, including the use of plant defense inducers to regulate tea plant responses to pathogens, natural enemies to control pest species causing damage to shoots and Trifolium repens to control the main weed species. In addition, it summarizes the integrated ‘green’ preventive technologies being used in Guizhou and provides a foundation for the ecological maintenance of tea plantations.

关键词： ‘green’ prevention / natural enemies / plant defense inducers / tea plantations / Trifolium repens

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Special issue on “Green chemical process and intensification”

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第11期页码 1533-1535 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2263-y

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Operation management of green ports and shipping networks: overview and research opportunities

Lu ZHEN, Dan ZHUGE, Liwen MURONG, Ran YAN, Shuaian WANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第2期页码 152-162 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0027-2

摘要： Global ports and maritime shipping networks are important carriers for global supply chain networks, but they are also the main sources of energy consumption and pollution. To limit ship emissions in ports and offshore areas, the International Maritime Organization, as well as some countries, has issued a series of policies. This study highlights the importance and necessity of investigating emergent research problems in the operation management of green ports and maritime shipping networks. Considerable literature related to this topic is reviewed and discussed. Moreover, a comprehensive research framework on green port and shipping operation management is proposed for future research opportunities. The framework mainly comprises four research areas related to emission control and grading policies. This review may provide new ideas to the academia and industry practitioners for improving the performance and efficiency of the operation management of green ports and maritime shipping networks.

关键词： maritime shipping port operations green port green shipping emission control areas